埃塞俄比亚阿达玛工业园区项目电力监控系统的研究与应用

安科瑞 陈聪

Application of Power Monitoring System in Adama Industrial Park, Ethiopia

摘要：介绍阿达玛工业园区项目，采用智能电力仪表、采集配电现场的各种电参量和开关信号。系统采用现场就地组网的方式，组网后通过现场总线通讯并远传至后台，通过Acrel-2000型电力监控系统实现配电室配电回路用电的实时监控和管理。

Abstract: Introduce the project of Adama industrial park, Ethiopia, which uses intelligent power meters to collect various electrical parameters and switch signals at the distribution site. The system adopts the method of on-site networking. After networking, it communicates via fieldbus and transmits it to the background. The Acrel-2000 power monitoring system realizes real-time monitoring and management of power distribution circuit power in the distribution room.

关键词：智能电力仪表;Acrel-2000;电力监控系统;

Keywords: intelligent power meter; Acrel-2000; power monitoring system

0 需求分析Demand analysis

为保证生产管理用电负荷的统计与分析及对危险源实时监控。需要对项目现场的配电室中进线及出线回路进行电压、电流、功率等参数进行实时在线监控。一旦监控点被监视参数异常，能够及时检测报警，有关人员采取必要的措施，避免安全事故的发生。自动抄表功能节省了人力物力，功率趋势曲线功能能够直观的显示各回路的工作状态与时间，方便用户找出非正常用电回路并且及时进行整改，建立电能多级计量体系提供用能分析依据。

To ensure the statistics and analysis of electricity load for production management and real-time monitoring of hazard sources. Real-time online monitoring of parameters such as voltage, current, and power in the incoming and outgoing circuits of the power distribution room at the project site is required. Once the monitoring point is monitored with abnormal parameters, it can detect and alarm in time, and 

relevant personnel can take necessary measures to avoid safety accidents. The automatic meter reading function saves manpower and material resources. The power trend curve function can intuitively display the working status and time of each circuit, which is convenient for users to find abnormal power circuits and make corrections in time, and establish a multi-level electrical energy measurement system to provide energy analysis basis .

数据采集data collection

自动采集现场所有电量仪表的模拟量数据，自动采集现场开关状态以及故障状态等开关量数据。

Automatically collect analog data of all power meters on site, and automatically collect on-site switching data such as on-site switch status and fault status.

支持实时采集、自动周期采集（定时采集）可配置周期（1分钟～24小时）。

Support real-time collection, automatic

periodic collection (timing collection) configurable cycle (1 minute to 24 hours).

支持数据传输正确性检验，异常数据自动处理。

Support data transmission correctness inspection, automatic processing of abnormal data.

支持多线程处理机制，提高数据采集效率，能同时对多个设备进行数据采集。

Support multi-threaded processing mechanism, improve the efficiency of data collection, and can collect data from multiple devices at the same time.

数据实时显示采用配电箱主接线图直观显示模式，各回路开关断合以及故障状态直观可见。

The real-time data display adopts the intuitive display mode of the main wiring diagram of the distribution box, and the disconnection and fault status of each circuit switch are intuitively visible.

 数据分析与处理Data analysis and processing

数据的综合统计、分析需要实现以下功能：

Comprehensive statistics and analysis of data need to achieve the following functions:

各设备用电数据小时、日、月、年等时间段内的统计、计算。

Statistics and calculation of the electricity consumption data of each equipment in hours, days, months, years and other time periods.

各设备的用电负荷（有功、无功）大、小、平均值计算。

Calculate the large, small and average value of the electrical load (active power, reactive power) of each device.

统计各分站及整体的用电量（有功、无功）。

Count the power consumption (active power and reactive power) of each substation and the whole.

数据查询与展示Data query and display

要求能方便实现客户端查询和各级管理人员的查

询，查询界面能适应各级管理人员的要求能够支持灵活的条件组合查询和对比分析，各类统计分析的数据可灵活采用报表等多种图表方式直观的展示功能。

It is required to facilitate the realization of client query and query of managers at all levels. The query interface can adapt to the requirements of managers at all levels. It can support flexible condition combination query and comparative analysis. Various types of statistical analysis data can be flexibly used in reports and other charts. Intuitive display function.

数据展示功能按照不同用户的不同的权限，分为操作层、管理层、决策层三层用能展示。

According to the different permissions of different users, the data display function is divided into three layers: operation layer, management layer, and decision-making layer.

操作层具备用能分析、累计用量、实时监测、运行记录及比例、对比、对标分析等功能。

The operation layer has functions such as energy consumption analysis, cumulative consumption, real-time monitoring, running records and ratios, comparison, and benchmarking analysis.

管理层具备用能数据统计和分析、分类分项的对比、对标分析等功能。

The management has functions such as statistics and analysis of energy consumption data, comparison of classification and sub-items, and benchmarking analysis.

决策层具备用能数据分析、数据删除、数据库导入/导出等功能。

The decision-making layer has functions such as energy data analysis, data deletion, and database import/export.

权限管理authority management

要求对不同用户赋予不同角色的权限，能授权到功能子菜单、具体档案记录、数据记录等。

It is required to assign different roles to 

different users, and be able to authorize function sub-menus, specific file records, data records, etc.

系统要求具备合理完善的用户安全控制机制，能使应用环境中的信息资源得到保护，防止信息的丢失、失窃和破坏。

The system requires a reasonable and complete user security control mechanism to protect the information resources in the application environment and prevent the loss, theft and destruction of information.

节能改造及效果评估

Energy-saving renovation and effect evaluation

要求为生产节能改造提供数据支撑，并能提供节能改造前后的效果评估。

It is required to provide data support for the energy-saving transformation of production, and can provide the effect evaluation before and after the energy-saving transformation.

参数设置parameter settings

可通过采集柜设置各回路互感器变比，各种电流电压保护整定值。

The transformer ratio of each loop and the setting value of various current and voltage protection can be set through the acquisition cabinet.

故障判断与报警具有故障自动判断并采用声光方式报警功能。报警类型包括开关故障，电压、电流超限，现场采集模块通讯故障，与监控系统通讯故障等。报警时间自动记入系统数据库，方便用户查询，工作人员可随时掌握变配电站实时运行状态，发现变配电运行故障并作出相应处理，提高变配电的管理效率，提升电力系统安全性、可靠性。

Fault judgment and alarm have automatic fault judgment and use sound and light alarm function. Alarm types include switch failures, voltage and current overruns, communication failures of the field acquisition module, and communication failures with the monitoring system. The alarm 

time is automatically recorded in the system database, which is convenient for users to inquire. The staff can grasp the real-time operation status of the substation at any time, find the operation failure of the substation and distribution, and make corresponding treatments, improve the management efficiency of the substation and distribution, and enhance the safety of the power system. reliability.

2  系统方案System solutions

安科瑞Acrel-2000系统根据阿达玛现场实际情况，整体网络结构采用屏蔽双绞线直接接至数据采集器然后通过网线直接接至配电室的监控主机，保障了电力监控监控系统传输的稳定性与实时性。

According to the actual situation of Adama industrial park, the overall network structure of Acrel-2000 system adopts shielded twisted pair to directly connect to the data collector and then directly connect to the monitoring host in the power distribution room through the network cable, ensuring the transmission of the power monitoring and monitoring system. The stability and real-time performance.

1）站控管理层Station control management

站控管理层针对电力监控系统的管理人员，是人机交互的直接窗口。在阿达玛中主要指置于地下一层配电室的监控主机。

The station control management layer is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the management personnel of the power monitoring system. In the Adama Project, it mainly refers to the monitoring host placed in the power distribution room on the first underground floor.

2）网络通讯层Network communication layer

 通讯层主要是由采集器、以太网设备及总线网络组成。串口服务器主要功能是监测现场智能仪表；以太网设备及总线网络的主要功能是实现分站与主站之间的数据交互，使配电系统管理集中化、信息化、

智能化，提高了配电系统的安全性、可靠性和稳定性，达到了无人值守的目的。

The communication layer is mainly composed of collectors, Ethernet devices and bus networks. The main function of the serial server is to monitor on-site intelligent instruments; the main function of Ethernet equipment and bus network is to realize the data interaction between the substation and the main station, so that the management of the power distribution system is centralized, informatized, and intelligent, and the power distribution is improved. The safety, reliability and stability of the system have achieved the goal of unattended operation.

3）现场设备层Field device layer

现场设备层是数据采集终端，主要由智能仪表组成，智能仪表通过屏蔽双绞线RS485接口，采用MODBUS通讯协议总线型连接接入通讯服务器，经通讯服务器到达该配电间监控主机进行组网，实现远程控制。

The field equipment layer is the data acquisition terminal, which is mainly composed of smart meters. The smart meters are connected to the communication server through the shielded twisted pair RS485 interface and the MODBUS communication protocol bus connection. The communication server reaches the monitoring host of the power distribution room for networking. Realize remote control.

系统结构图System structure diagram

3  系统功能System functions

变电所实时监控系统图为主监控画面，主要实时监测变电所所有回路的运行状态，红色代表合闸，绿色代表分闸。在系统图中可以直观的看到每路进线和出线的运行参数和状态，可以看到变压器出线侧的所有常规电力参数，如：三相电压、电流、有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、频率、有功电度等。如下图所：

The real-time monitoring system diagram of the substation is the main monitoring screen, which mainly monitors the operating status of all circuits in the substation in real time. Red represents closing and green represents opening. In the system diagram, you can intuitively see the operating parameters and status of each incoming and outgoing line, and you can see all the conventional power parameters on the outgoing side of the transformer, such as: three-phase voltage, current, active power, reactive power, and power factor , Frequency, active power, etc. As shown in the figure below:

一次系统图 primary system diagram

遥信和遥测报警功能，主要完成对低压各出线回路的开关运行状态和负载进线监控，对开关变位和负载越限弹出报警界面指示具体的报警位置并声音报警，提醒值班人员及时处理。负载越限值在相应权限下可自由设置。       

The remote signaling and remote measurement alarm functions mainly complete the monitoring of the switch operation status of the low-voltage outlet circuits and the load incoming line. The pop-up alarm interface for switch displacement 

and load limit violations indicates the specific alarm location and sounds the alarm to remind the duty personnel to deal with it in time. The load limit can be set freely under the corresponding authority.

事件告警记录功能，主要完成对查询时间段内出现的报警信息事件记录以及发生时间，为值班人员提供依据并且分析事故发生的原因，如下图所示：

The event alarm record function mainly completes the record of the alarm information and the occurrence time of the alarm information that occurred during the query time period, and provides the basis for the staff on duty and analyzes the cause of the accident, as shown in the following figure:

报警功能实时查询 Alarm function real-time query

参数抄表功能，主要对低压各出线回路的电参数进线查询。支持任意时刻电参数查询，具备数据导出和报表打印等功能。该报表查询阿达玛配电室进出线各低压回路的电参数，主要包括：三相电流、有功功率和有功电度。该报表各回路名称和数据库关联，方便用户修改回路名称。如下图所示:

Parameter meter reading function, mainly to query the electrical parameters of the low-voltage outgoing circuit. Supports electrical parameter query at any time, with functions such as data export and report printing. This report queries the electrical parameters of the low-voltage circuits of the incoming and outgoing lines of the Adama power distribution room, mainly including: three-phase current, 

active power and active power. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown below:

电参数抄表Parameter meter reading

用电量报表功能，可选择时间段进行查询，支持任意时间段电度累计查询，具备数据导出和报表打印等功能。为值班人员提供了准确可靠的电能报表。该报表各回路名称和数据库关联，方便用户修改回路名称。如下图所示，用户可以直接打印报表，可以以EXCEL格式另存到其他位置。 如下图所示：

The power consumption report function can select the time period for query, supports the cumulative query of the power consumption at any time period, and has the functions of data export and report printing. Provide accurate and reliable electric energy report for the staff on duty. The name of each circuit in this report is associated with the database, which is convenient for users to modify the name of the circuit. As shown in the figure below, the user can print the report directly, and save it to another location in EXCEL format. As shown below:

电能报表 Energy report

系统通讯结构示意图，主要显示系统的组网结构，

系统采用分层分布式结构，同时监测间隔层设备的通信状态。红色表示通讯正常，绿色表示通讯故障。下图为变电所通讯状态示意图。

A schematic diagram of the system communication structure, which mainly shows the network structure of the system. The system adopts a hierarchical distributed structure and monitors the communication status of the bay layer equipment at the same time. Red indicates that the communication is normal, and green indicates that the communication is faulty. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the communication status of the substation.

通讯结构示意图Communication structure diagram

4  结束语 Conclusion

在当今配电设施的应用中，项目的配电安全性至关重要，本文介绍的Acrel-2000电力监控系统在阿达码的应用，可以实现对配电室供配电回路用电的实时监控，不仅能显示回路用电状况，还具有网络通讯功能，可以与串口服务器、计算机等组成电力监控系统。系统实现对采集数据的分析、处理，实时显示配电室内各配电回路的运行状态，对负载越限具有弹出报警对话框、语音提示，并生成各种电能报表、分析曲线、图形等，便于电能的远程抄表以及分析、研究，该系统运行安全、可靠、稳定，为该项目解决用电问题提供了真实可靠的依据，取得了较好的效益。

In the application of today’s power distribution facilities, the safety of the project’s power distribution is very important. The application of the Acrel-2000 power monitoring system in the Adama described in this 

article can realize the real-time power consumption of the power supply and distribution circuit in the power distribution room. Monitoring, not only can display the power status of the loop, but also has a network communication function, which can form a power monitoring system with a serial server, a computer, etc. The system realizes the analysis and processing of the collected data, real-time display of the operation status of the distribution circuits in the distribution room, pop-up alarm dialogs, voice prompts for load exceeding limit, and generates various electric energy reports, analysis curves, graphics, etc., which is convenient The remote meter reading, analysis and research of electric energy show that the system is safe, reliable and stable, providing a true and reliable basis for the project to solve the electricity problem, and has achieved good benefits.

参考文献 Bibliography

1.Solutions For Enterprise Micro-grid System 2020.02